Week 1 Journal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Week 1 Journal - Essay Example The death of the four poor men, namely Daniel Brillhart, Enrique Rubio and Daniel Moore, has ignited the minds of the Americans and compelled them to ponder over this intricate problem that had existed since long in the country and especially in California. The various news agencies have covered the issue in their columns and drawn our attention towards the personal life and history of the four persons. All four of them reportedly were men of good social and moral character. Though deprived of social status or recognition in society, they were god-fearing men who worked sincerely to make a living. Each one of them had a family and some relatives. They had lived a very happy and productive life before they abandoned their homes and joined the homeless population of the nation. They supposedly left their homes and families owing to adverse financial circumstances or social abandonment or drug-issues. They finally landed up in the encampments across San Francisco and took up a job to meet the basic needs of life- food, clothes and a temporary shelter. This story applies not only to those four deceased men, but to the entire homeless population of the US. Driven by financial deprivation and societal seclusion, these people escape from home s and families, to ultimately join the already overcrowded encampments of the homeless in the Silicon Valley. They live their lives as nameless, faceless and identity-less individuals who put up with the drudgeries of daily life to barely make sustenance. Despite the presence of a network of numerous shelter homes in the country, hundreds of homeless people die every year due to extreme cold. They live and die in a world of anonymity and isolation. To help them get rid of their homeless condition, the government should allocate sufficient resources for building up permanent housing facilities for these people. This would include the allocation of both financial resources and

International Tax Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

International Tax - Assignment Example Since the jurisdiction for tax imposition in many cases is based on the residence status, the residents and non-residents distinction is of much importance (capitaltaxconsulting.com, 2011) 2. It should be noted that OECD model treat Article 4(1) of the OECD, gives a definition of a Contracting State resident as a person who is â€Å"liable to tax therein by reason of his domicile, residence, place of management, or any other criterion of a similar nature.† Article 4(1) further provides that a resident is not inclusive of any person who has a tax liability only in respect of income from sources in the country. This definition of a resident may seem straightforward; however, it raises a number of difficult issues. What does â€Å"liable to tax† mean? Is a person who is exempt from tax, such as a charity or a government, liable to tax? Is a person who does not pay any tax because of loss carryovers or deductions liable to tax? Are citizenship and place of incorporation cri teria of a similar nature? Liable to tax means the aggregate amount any given person is legally obliged to make payment of to the relevant authority due to a taxable event’s occurrence. Exempt persons may involve in a taxable event and thus at some point may become liable to tax (For instance; an instance where a government institution is supposed to withhold and remit taxes). A person having deductions or losses or may have a tax liability as long as taxable event is the ending result or a net claim on assets, for example net income. (investopedia.com, 2011) What determines whether a citizen is either a resident or a non-resident are the circumstances like domicile while a company’s incorporation makes it automatically a resident in many states (oecd.org, 2003) 3. Assume that Country A and Country B both define a resident as an individual who is present in the country for at least 183 days. Is it possible for an individual to be a resident of both Country A and Countr y B under this test? It is possible in a leap year. The countries are to further find a solution to the issue of residence like nationality to avoid taking the individual as a resident of both nations. (oecd.org, 2003) 4. What are the â€Å"Facts and circumstance† strengths and weaknesses test of residence? Under the test, Is it possible for an individual to be resident in two countries? In more than two countries? The outstanding strength that can be associated with the test of residence on â€Å"facts and circumstances† is that of giving a consistent way of determining whether an individual or a company is to be considered resident or not for the purposes tax imposition. The weaknesses attributable to this method of residence determination is that, given country’s test may be different from another and this kills uniformity in determining tax liabilities. A good example is that of Australia where for a person to be resident, they have to spend above average of their time in the state in the year of income while in Japan, they depend mostly upon the domicile or residence that is maintained for one or more years. (treasury.gov.au, 2011) In rare situations an individual can be resident in two or more countries like where they point out the person should be in the country for 183 days or more and it is in a leap year of income like in Canada and Ireland. (treasury.gov.au, 2011) 5. In a country using facts and circumsta

Putting Global Warming on Ice Essay Example for Free

Putting Global Warming on Ice Essay What makes the earths temperature rise and fall? Do greenhouse gases block solar heat from leaving the earth, or is it only a product of solar activity? Many people have theorized on what causes temperatures to change. A catch phrase named Global Warming came to popularity. Environmentalists from all walks of life joined the global warming fight. According to Thomas OConnell the global warming debate wasnt accepted in the 60s and 70s when he studied it. It only became popular recently in the 90s. Everyone believed that humans were causing a catastrophe by punching a whole into an ozone layer in the sky, letting harmful rays of sun in. People fought to shutdown plants in order to stop the emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases. Everyone believed the global warming claims coming from senators and environmentalists. Today in the 21st century, science has stepped up to disprove the common myths of global warming. Many of the theories and claims of global warming are easily disproved with science. Science is the only tool that can be used to tell whether theories are fact or fiction. The first issue of global warming is the recent Kyoto Protocol, an international treaty designed to cut greenhouse emissions from successful countries. The international Kyoto protocol has been in debate for many years. The Kyoto protocol is an international treaty to reduce developed countrys greenhouse emissions, specifically carbon dioxide, to 7% below their 1990 levels. As President Bush came to office he refused the U.S.s involvement in the treaty. President Bush wasnt even the man that killed the idea for the U.S. (National Center 2). A bill, stating that the U.S. wouldnt ratify any climate treaty that would harm the United States economically and would have no consequences for developing or 3rd World countries, was passed with a unanimous 95-0 vote by the senate before President Bush was elected (National Center 2). The treaty isnt about global warming. It was designed in order to transfer success from developed nations like the U.S. to developing or struggling countries (Tuccille 2). Research declares that China, India, and Brazil who are not affected by the Kyoto Protocol will increase their CO2 emissions by 16% more than the United States even without  the Protocol in effect (National Center 3). Proponents of the protocol confessed that the treaty would not have the beneficial environmental impacts advertised and that the costs of implementation would be much higher than the public had been told (National Center 1). U.S. economy would suffer if we agreed to partake in the Kyoto scheme. Gasoline prices would increase by as much as 66 cents per gallon, electrical costs would also increase up to 80%, energy intensive products such as chemicals, steel, paper, and cars would rise in price by as much as 15%. (National Center 2). The economy of the USA would be devastated, states Thomas OConnell. The minority income would be lowered by about 10%, 864,000 African Americans as well as 511,000 Hispanics would be unemployed (National Center 2). Oil and fuel used for farming would be taxed or restricted causing in a higher cost of producing and lower profits of products including corn, soybeans, wheat, cotton, hogs, and milk (Heartland Institute 2 and 3). Businesses taxed by the government for their emissions would result in raising costs for their consumers (Heartland Institute 3). New regulations would be implemented for automobiles making carpooling mandatory and would penalize owners of trucks and sports cars. The average household income would even drop by about $2,700 (Heartland Institute 2). Even the unbiased and credible Time magazine quoted, the campaign against global warming seemed to be over before it even started referring to the Kyoto Protocol (Tuccille 1). Are we prepared to disappear from the map in order to prevent 1 degree Celsius of warming for the next Century? One of the hot issues on global warming is that humankind has had something to do with the temperature. Man-made emissions such as carbon dioxide have been claimed to cause global temperatures to increase over the years. Ever since the industrial revolution in the 1940s man has continued to emit gases such as CO2 into the air. Many people claim that CO2 is what blocks heat from escaping the atmosphere. They also claim that mankind has poked a hole in something called the ozone layer, a protective layer above the atmosphere that keeps harmful UV radiation out, which lets more solar rays in. How convenient. The fact is that 98% of these greenhouse gases are natural to the earth. Man has not emitted them and they are not pollutants. They are mostly water vapors and clouds (Zipperer 2). Does that sound dangerous to you? The earth  has even cut down on the rate of carbon dioxide emissions from the years 1973-1990 (Lindzen 1 and 2). Even if we did have a lot of CO2 in the air evidently the effects wouldnt be catastrophic. In the past the atmosphere has had much more amounts of CO2 in it before without significant increases in temperature (Lindzen 4). Richard Lindzen, a professor of meteorology at MIT, claims that a doubling of CO2 in the earths atmosphere would only result in a 1 degree Celsius increase in global temperature (National Center 3). Another greenhouse gas is methane. Methane is more harmful than CO2 but will not increase significantly for another 100 years if it continues at its current rate (Michaels 1). Many credible experts in the field of science have agreed that man is not responsible. Over 17,000 scientists from all over the world have signed a petition declaring that there is no convincing scientific evidence that human release of carbon dioxide, methane, or other greenhouse gases is causing or will, in the foreseeable future, cause catastrophic heating of the earths atmosphere and disruption of the earths climate (Heartland Institute 5). Even if there were significant cases of warming global temperatures the effects wouldnt be as tragic as everyone thinks. There are many benefits to the warming of the earth, as there are consequences. Warming on a global scale would have dramatic effects on life and climates. Some effects may be harmful but many of them are beneficial. Some ideas about global warming consequences are myths that are unlikely. Many people say that global warming is linked with the uprising in tropical storms. Storms such as hurricanes coming from the southeast into Florida coasts have been getting stronger for many years, but in 1991 there was a drought of storms that ranged to 1995. The amount and intensity fell way below the average, which suggests that these storms were not affected by the warming of the earth (Bible Believers 3 and 4). Others claim that sea levels have risen all over the world because the polar ice caps are slowly melting due to the warming. Tests have proven that temperatures at the poles are actually getting colder and that sea levels have been rising for centuries before we had any affect on the c limate (Bible Believers 3). Former Vice President Al Gore spoke of diseases migrating due to climate warming. He spoke of diseases like the Black Plague and Cholera, which he believed were  spread because of weather patterns. Rats, who spread the Black Plague, lived in both warm and cold climates so they had no reason to migrate. His second example Cholera has been a problem in both warm and cold climates and can be easily treated by purifying the water we drink (Heartland Institute 9). Many people have never heard possible benefits of global warming before. Having a warmer climate is very beneficial. Historically, very warm periods in time resulted in flourishing life such as plants, animals, and fish (Bible Believers 4). Even large amounts of CO2 can be beneficial. More CO2 in the atmosphere fuels plants, which makes more food for all walks of life. Vikings were once able to farm what is now a cold and icy Greenland (Zipperer 3). A warming of the earth would result in longer growing seasons and would deplete world hunger and crop failure (Robinson 3). Global warming wouldnt be all that bad, but we do not have a way to tell if there is or will be any warming because of the difficulty to predict the weather. In order to make predictions about weather, people have designed computer models that estimate changes in weather patterns. The models are designed from past weather data and possible factors effecting the weather. What modelers do not know is that global weather is very hard to predict, maybe even impossible without the right understanding and tools for the job (Robinson 2). Factors such as clouds, precipitation, oceans, and the sun are misunderstood and often underestimated (Zipperer 2). Modelers also leave out possible advances in the future such as nuclear energy and the positive effect it would have on the environment (Lindzen 2). Our current technology isnt even close to being advanced enough. Errors in the data are equivalent to 50% (Lindzen 3). These computer models could not even predict weather from the past. While global temperatures have raised by .3 to .6 C over the past 100 years models have over predicted the increase to be from .7 to 1.4 C by the year 1990 (Heartland Institute 7). Climate modelers have even inputted their own bias into the data, shifting variables to what they want them to be. Climate modelers have been cheating for so long its almost become respectable, says Richard A. Kerr, a writer for Science magazine. Further research on the topic is necessary in order to accurately determine whether we have a problem or not. Many people of profession have studied global warming and what may affect the outcome of their results. When measuring from the surface global temperatures have increased by about .6 degrees Celsius with a .2-degree error, but parts of the United States including the southeast have cooled slightly since the late 19th century (NOAA 2). For those 100 years of slight warming, 70% of it occurred before the industrial revolution in 1940 in which man began to emit gases into the air (Zipperer 2). The surface on and around the equator has remained plus or minus 1 degree Celsius of its current temperature for billions of years (Lindzen 4). Research has also been done to determine the affect on rising and falling temperatures. Scientists have found very close relations with solar activity from the sun and the current temperature patterns, which suggests that fluctuations in temperatures are out of our hands (NOAA 5). Satellites are the best way to determine global temperatures. They are unbiased and have only a 0.001-degree Celsius of error (Heartland Institute 6). These satellites have confirmed that there is no evidence of global warming. If anything there is a slight cooling in the atmosphere (National Center 3). Very reliable agencies have done their own research on global warming. Many scientists have tested the greenhouse theory carefully and have found that greenhouse warming isnt even occurring and that rising temperatures are do to different stages of solar activity (Robinson 1). In 1995 the IPCC, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, did not prove that humans were affecting global temperatures (Heartland Institute 8). Their report, Climate Change, includes a statement, The balance of evidence suggests a discernible human influence on the global climate (Heartland Institute 8). Dr. Roy Spencer, a meteorologist and team leader of the NASA/Marshall Space Flight Center, quotes, The temperatures we measure from space are actually on a very slight downward trend since 1979 the trend is about 0.05C per decade cooling (Heartland Institute 7). In a recent poll only 17% of the meteorological society and the American Geophysical Society believe that global warming is a product of man (Bible Believers 2). Representatives from the Environmental Protection Agency are threatening to withdraw their support from a global warming study done by the government. They have said that the report has an extreme/alarmist tone and that it does not appear to fairly reflect the scientific literature and the historical record  (Torres 1). The representatives claimed that the report also had scientifically inaccurate statements about the potential implications of climate change for air pollution and human (Torres 1 and 2). Usually, in scientific law, if a hypothesis fails through experimentation it should be discarded, but the theory of global warming and greenhouse gases as a result of man is still considered substantial hypothesis even though it has been proven to be unlikely (Robinson 2). The debate of global warming may continue on for many years to come. Mankind may never see any rising in global temperatures, but nevertheless it will be speculated. Thomas OConnell At this moment in time there has not been any reliable and convincing evidence that the globe is dangerously warming. Global temperature is a product of natural variables that affect the earth. Man has little if any influence on this temperature. Many of the greenhouse claims have been poorly researched and have yet to be proven credible. Hopefully in the future science will prevail and provide the real answer. Until then, people interested in global warming should do research of their own in order to formulate their own opinion. Life on earth has adapted or evolved to the environment. The earth will never adapt or change due to a single species; the earth is far too powerful. As this paper comes to a close a quote sums up the main idea. Thomas OConnell once said, As the rhetoric of the proponents gives w ay to real problem or is this phenomena more closely related to political agendas. Ill wait for the science.

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) at Tesco

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) at Tesco 1.0 Introduction 1.1 CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY CSR is defined as the commitment of business to contribute to sustainable economic development, working with employees, their families, the local community and society at large to improve their quality of life. http://www.mallenbaker.net/csr/definition.. It can also be defined as a concept whereby companies integrate social and environmental concerns in their business operations and in their interaction with their stakeholders on a voluntary basis. http://www.emagltd.co.uk/SMMT%20Sustainability%20Business%20Case.pdf Corporate social responsibility is one of the organisation responses to regularise the imbalances resulting from the acceleration of the global contributions to societies where they operate. CSR is the practice of managing the social, environmental and economic impacts of the company, being responsive to stakeholders (those who are affected by a business operation) and behaving according to a set of values which are not codified in law. In practice the term process. http://www.ethicalconsumer.org.uk/magazine/indexes/productindex.htm CSR describes the principle that companies can and should make a positive contribution to society. Refer to a wide range of actions that companies may take, from donating to charity to reducing carbon emissions, Environmental awareness and friendliness http://www.colorado.edu/AmStudies/lewis/ecology/restore.htm. The contributions are of many dimensions but mention in the following line a few: corporate philanthropy Cause-related marketing Sponsoring awards, social and environmental reporting Stakeholder engagement Stakeholder engagement Eco-efficiency, employment diversity business ethics (htt://www.mallenbaker.net/csr/CSRfiles accessed on 23rd November 2009) TASK 1 1.2 The Approach to CSR in TESCO Supermarket TESCO plc could be described as a grocery selling company that is duly register in the groceries market. We shall be looking at the its approaches to issue of csr to its strategies, policies and business practices through its business core value . the definition of the company core value, was dusted to have said â€Å"our core value no one tried harder to customer , and treat people how we like to be treated characterised our approach to Corporate Social Responsibility†. It is the believe of the company that she can achieve most when they work together on practical thing that make a difference. Every little help, can become great deal when everyone pulls in same direction. (: http/www.tesco.ie/csr/ndex.html) 1.2.1 Environment. Tesco promote environmental issues through training package in oder to create enough awareness on the issue on environment and to allow the company to maximize its operational effectiveness initiatives 1.2.2 Community. In several attempt to give back to the society where tesco operates tesco create special support for children community based projects and education programmes in order to create a peaceful environment to operate. ./ http/www.tesco.ie/csr/ndex.html) 1.2.3 Suppliers ethical trading In other to maintain high ethical standard in it business practices, the company is said to be encouraging a long term trade relationship with supplier with a centralized distribution system with transparency and accountability to promote good quality of rang products and services at competitive pricing. (http/www.tesco.ie/csr/ndex.html) 1.2.4 Customers choice and health It promote the health of the customers through the management of customers choices. This cold be confirmed throght the following slogan of commitment and promise of good range of prodct and service: Be Inclusive by: which mean tesco will continue to appeal to a broad range of customers and that the company will offer something for everyone through an extensive product range, offering price and product choice, in food and non-food) ,Be Innovative by leading new customer developments: new product development, retail services and technology,.( http/www.tesco.ie/csr/ndex.html) 1.2.5 People / workers Employee are given opportunities of carrier development programmes through Training and development programme with effective communication to facilitate staffs feedback, ,rewards and benefit are us to motivate workers is based on performances on the job, pension schema, save as you earn, family friendly working through flexible hours of work to accommodate mother education. ( http/www.tesco.ie/csr/ndex.html) 1.2.6 Genetic Modification: removal of GM and increase in non GM option for our customer by adding organic ranges(organic food) ,labeling animal welfare and animal testing by not allowing none of the suppliers is allow to test product on animal but by using known ingredient human volunteer trials, .( http/www.tesco.ie/csr/ndex.html) Property :tesco store is usually built with accessing line with the customers comfort and the regulation, landscaping is done with approval by local authority planning department.( http/www.tesco.ie/csr/ndex.html) 1.3 The Impact of EU Membership on CSR Approach The TESCO CSR as been affected by continued EU membership as the ten point gender were tailored to address the requirement of the EU in terms of social responsibilities that is expected of any company that is operating in their communities. This is to appeal to the society where it operate being a company from non EU country TESCO is a company originated from the non EU, European Union in it full context was established in order to promote economic corporation among the members, by removing trade barriers and also for common external trade policies within the members and the rest of the world. In the other way round, this is has put TESCO under certain law restriction ,even while it deem it fit to exercise its CSR agenda without an EU legal implication, such decision was been confirm recently as the TESCO had place sales embargo or restriction on its purchase from Zimbabwe. In the global content, looking at barrier in different regulation governing business operation around the world, this might render most of the good intention undone. Such differences in regulation is characterised by the imbalance between the developed countries and developing countries as regards how its been governed, especially in the developing countries that lack good governance ,where most of the multinational operate without any or less attention to the environment where they operate . Most importantly the same company might not be able to do it in the developed countries. The cartel formed through any economic union groups such as EU could hinder the implementation of corporate social responsibility .Just as the decision taking by the union superseded that of the company, therefore will not be willing to dam the consequences of being an act against the instruction of the union. TASK2 2.0 THE TESCO POLICIES OF ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS AND HEALTH AND SAFETY PRACTICES 2.1 A. the policies adopted by Tesco on the environmental awareness and the actions to maintain the environment 2.1.1Climate Change Tesco supports the governments commitments to the Kyoto protocol on climate change. It is among of the Tesco targets to reducing its energy consumption and emissions of greenhouse gasses responsible for climate change. .( http/www.tesco.ie/csr/ndex.html access on 20th nov.2009) 2.1.2 Waste Management and Recycling In order to reduce the waste in their operation tesco is committed to reduce level of waste and to encourage recycling programme as much as possible.( http/www.tesco.ie/csr/ndex.html access on 20th nov.2009). .The supermarkets also have an effective recycling programme in place for its operations which board, and plastic balers in the stores and depots. These balers enable our staff to segregate packaging waste from other waste and mean that Tesco stores send no packaging waste to landfill sites. .( http/www.tesco.ie/csr/ndex.html access on 20th nov.2009). the company also make sure that all the waste contractor used are EPA licence 2.1.4 Disposal of used products Tesco have put arrangements in place with specialist contractors to ensure the environmentally compliant disposal of the fluorescent light tubes, tires, batteries and engine oils that tesco use in its business.( http/www.tesco.ie/csr/ndex.html) 2.1.5 Plastic Bag Schemes tesco has been working hand in hand with government in supporting the government since it has introduced levels in march 2002. Tesco help in collection the fees and encourage the reuse of the bags.( http/www.tesco.ie/csr/ndex.html access on 20th nov.2009) 2.1.6 Customer recycling schemes in order to assist the public to play their own part on the environmental issues Tesco also lunched in store recycling scheme for customer to disposed their mobile phone.where they can also make charity donation or collect club card point on their accounts .( http/www.tesco.ie/csr/ndex.html access on 20th nov.2009) 2.2 B. actions which Tesco has been taken in order to maintain the environment 2.2.1 Revolution in green consumption Tesco have made strides towards a revolution in green consumption incentivising the environmental option and making it more affordable. Through their unique Green Club card scheme, we have reduced carrier bag use by over one billion, more than any other retailer, and we are on track to save an extra billion bags in the next year. 2.2.2 Reduction in c02 emission In a bid to contribute to the reduction of C02 the company has established a target to sell 10 million of energy efficiency light bulbs per anum, to reduce energy consumption by half per each square foot right from 2001 which could be said to be two years ahead of target, carborn intensive in the tesco stores has been reduced to 22% since 2007. http://www.advfn.com/news). in totalty of the approach , tesco has been able to reduce the CO2 by 10% in one year. 2.2.3 Contribution to the Community. Tesco has claimed that its staff has achieved more successful Charity of the Year ever, by raising  £4.4 million for the British Red Cross. it was also claimed that they have donating  £100,000 to the British Red Cross flood appeal last summer, they also make provision for hygiene, foods and bottle water for the affected communities in important part of the south west.( http://www.advfn.com/news). 2.2.4 Contribution to health research programmes tesco has been contributing to health through sponsoring of games and events.it has help over i.5m people to get active this year through wich it has been able to get about 665000 people to take part in 5km running through cancer research UKs Race for life plus 21000 tesco staff. Tesco also runs partnership relationship with football association as way to get 2million people to run up to the London olympic2012. Tesco also run programme in supporting football at the local level as a way of encouraging children to participate in sport events. http://www.advfn.com/news). 2.3 C. policies adopted to improve Health and safety practises at the work place in Tesco In the Tesco health and safety policies, Tesco is foremost concern about the protection of health and safety of all employee, Tesco claimed to have adopted policies and procedures which are aimed at ensuring that the company meet or exceed all applicable health and safety laws and regulation as well as prevailing industry standards For these reasons employees are expected to be aware of how the companys health and safety policies apply to them and conduct their duties and responsibility in compliance with these policies. In 2006 TESCO set a three-year target to reduce the rate of reportable accidents in our UK workplace by 10%. At the end of the first two years we have already comfortably beaten the target, with a reduction of 14%. Reportable customer accidents on premises are also significantly down, by 15% since 2006. Tesco promise to continue to strive to push the rates down even further http://www.tesco.ie/crreview08/people-progress5.html . The company also affirmed to continue to attract and retain the best staff based on our core value, treat people how we like to be treated, by making Tesco a rewarding place to work.( http://www.tescocorporate.com/plc access on 20th nov.2009) However these approaches seem to address issue of health and safety as it is being required by law but the interest of the employees was seems not adequately protected. The policies seem to be silence about the importance of training the employees on the better handling of health and safety. This could be confirmed in a recent case of Tesco and one of it is employees. Supermarket chain Tesco was fined  £22,000 after a general assistant lost one of his fingers attempting to fix a Master mover machine. Darryl Mosley was working at Tesco in Haverford west in south West Wales and was trying to use the pedestrian electric tug machine to move roll cages. When he realised the mechanism on the equipment was faulty, he attempted to fix it manually. (Published by Tesco admin on March 27, 2009) In respect to environmental awareness, Tesco have it in its policies to minimize the effect of her operation on the natural environment â€Å"We endeavour to meet all regulation and the industry standards by implementing appropriate measure for the assessment of the potential environmental effects and for appropriate response to any incident that may occurred. Employee is also charge to be familiar with the required environmental standard that applies to their works at Tesco and to comply with these standards at all times. (http://www.tescocorporate.com/plc access on 20th nov.2009) TASK 3 3.0 ANALYSIS OF THE WORKFORCE DIVERSITY AND EMPLOYEE WELFARE IN TESCO AND THE APPROACHES IT HAS USED IN MANAGING AND EXPLOITING THE WORKFORCE DIVERSITY FOR ITS COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE 3.1 Steps that has been taken in ensuring Workforce Diversity and Employee Welfare in Tesco plc 3.2 Introduction of diversity strategy and policies Tesco want everyone at Tesco to meet their full potential regardless of age, gender, disability, ethnicity or sexual orientation. Tesco diversity strategy and policies aims for a workforce at all levels that mirrors the communities we serve. The priorities reflect those of the countries in which we operate. Tesco focus on employing local people and developing local leaders wherever we operate. Of the 180,000 people employed in their international business, fewer than 200 are from our UK business. http://www.tescoreports.com/crreview08/downloads/tesco_valuing_our_people.pdf access on 20th nov.2009) 3.3 Ethnic and cultural diversity TESCO diversity policies do not discriminate on the basis of ethnic origin. and it also promote understanding of different cultures to help employees work effectively together .inter religion approach is encourage by the company as the store in UK celebrate cultural festivals with the British festivals. In other word, it promote .In 2007, this toolkit was updated to cover the growing range of cultures and countries our employees and customers come from, including Bangladesh, the Caribbean, China, Ghana, India, Pakistan, Poland and Somalia. http://www.tescoreports.com/crreview08/downloads/tesco_valuing_our_people.pdf 3.4 Employees to different people of cultural background Introduction of the workforce diversity practices in Tesco has allow the company to enjoy multicultural business advantages , an approach which has made him to capture more market supermarket sector especially in united kingdom where there is full presence of people of different cultural background. Employees of different background are brought together to work in the same company, this facilitate motivation among the workers and therefore lead to hi retentions of the workers in Tesco. (http://www.tescocorporate.com/plc access on 20th nov.2009 3.5 No discrimination on Age ground There is no retirement age in any of the countries where we operate and employ people in their 70s and 80s. In 2007, we launched apprenticeships in the UK for people of all ages to help them develop their careers. 3.6 Gender and sexual Orientation In 2007 the Tesco Womens Network, was launched which aims to help female managers and directors progress. Around 150 women from across the Group attended the launch event. We are in the process of forming a similar network for sexual orientation. http://www.tescocorporate.com/plc access on 20th nov.2009) 3.7 Flexible working TESCO support flexible hours whenever possible. In the UK this includes family-friendly shifts, opportunities for full- and part-time workers, childcare vouchers and career breaks. TESCO also encourage job sharing, flexi-time and compressed hours, shift swaps, home working and part-time working when practical. This has given Tesco the advantage of high commitment and reduces employees turn over. 3.8 Human rights Tesco is committed to upholding basic Human Rights and supports in full the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the International Labour Organization Core Conventions. Tesco provide a safe working environment for our employees by minimizing foreseeable risks in the workplace. Employees have the right to freedom of association and collective bargaining. http://www.tescoplc.com/plc/corporate_responsibility_09/people/human_rights/ This create high sense of belonging among the Tesco workers and they trusted their careers with Tesco where they felt their right where been protected. (http://www.tescocorporate.com/plc access on 20th nov.2009) 4.0 CONCLUSION Organisation now find itself in a wider environment that is full of turbulent and unpredictable .This is an important issue that is correcting any myopic thinking that organisation objective is all about profit maximisation , but also to consider the issue of corporate social responsibility as a matter of high priority. No organisation can exist without the environment and the profit objective can also be affected if attention is not given to it .It also bring about the ethical issue that has to do with organisation values and how the corporate organisation relate with the environment. The social responsibilities also involve the organisation culture and value and how the employees are treated in the work place. There would not be any doubt, if corporate social responsibility is an obligation require from individual organisations which could be varies in proportion to the capacity of such organisation and the implication of their service on the environment. In the global context organisation that are Multinational, International Transnational, finds themselves in volatile and conflicting zone of the great corporate social responsibilities. Economic unions ,political groups and other form of pressure groups are in place to make sure that organisation are made to attend to the social responsibility as one of the companys objectives .This has constituted a lot of conflicts in dealing with regulations due to different in regulations and other environmental changes in different countries and continents. The contents of which were differ from each other .It is therefore considered that organisation and the environment could not be separated or treat in isolation one is the function of another :and to make the other work, one need to reciprocate in term of its obligation in the area of responsibilities. Just the way everything seems to have been working for Tesco UK PLC. 4.1 Recommendation As a result of the conclusion to this report the relevant of the corporate responsibilities to organisation performance and to the achievement of the organisation overall goals could no longer be denied. Hence this report will give room for more report on the issue of the CSR and how the organisation can apply that to gain competitive advantage. REFERENCES Richard C. (2006) New Era of Management, Thomson South West, ISE, U K. http//www.eu htt://www.mallenbaker.net/csr/CSRfiles accessed on 23rd November 2009) htt://www.tescocorporate.com/page.aspx?poitend accessed on 2nd December, 2009 http://www.tescocorporate.com/plc/ir/rns/rnsitem?id=1214847199nRn2d9573Xt=popup_rn .( http/www.tesco.ie/csr/ndex.html) (12-9-09) http://www.advfn.com/news_Final-Results_27119452.html World Business Council for Sustainable Development, Cross Cutting Themes -Corporate Responsibility 2004. Available at http://www.wbcsd.org, accessed May 2004. http://ro.uow.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1450context=commpapers accessed on 2nd December, 2009 http://www.tescoplc.com/plc/corporat/ accessed on 2nd December, 2009 http://www.tesco.ie/crreview08/people-progress5.html accessed on 2nd December, 2009

The Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) Essay examples -- essays research

Your Right-hand-man is in your Palm In the 1980s no one who was anyone, went anywhere, without his or her Filofax. The end of the 1990s had replaced it by its digital equivalent - the Personal Digital Assistant (PDA). A PDA is effectively a handheld PC, capable of handling all the normal tasks of its leather-bound ancestor - address book, notepad, appointments diary and phone list. Most PDAs offer many more applications besides, such as spreadsheet, word processor, database, financial management software, clock, calculator and games. PC users have the ability to transfer data between the handheld device and a desktop PC and to convert data to and from existing organizer applications. They also achieve connectivity either via an infrared port or a special docking station. Because of their size, entering data into a PDA requires either a tiny keyboard or some form of handwriting recognition system. They're too small for touch-typing. This relies on a touch-screen display and a simplified alphabet - which takes about 20 minutes to learn - for data entry. Typically, PDAs with the Graffiti system provide the option to write directly onto the display which translates the input into text, or to open up a dedicated writing space which also provides on-line examples and help. I have been contemplating about purchasing a PDA and I’ve been to every store in town and all over the internet, to come up with a Top 5 PDAs & Handhelds according to Microsoft computers, makers of handh...

Business Analysis of Sport Obermeyer Essay -- Papers Business Manageme

Business Analysis of Sport Obermeyer Sport Obermeyer is a high-end fashion skiwear design and merchandising company headquartered in Aspen, Colorado. Over the years, Sports Obermeyer has developed into a dominant competitor. Sports Obermeyer's estimated sales in 1992 were $32.8 million. The company holds 45% share of children's skiwear and 11% of adult Skiwear market. Sport Obermeyer produces merchandise ranging from: parkas, vests, ski suits, shells, ski pants, turtlenecks, and accessories. These products are sold throughout U.S. department stores in urban areas and ski shops. With increasing demands and rising competition, Sport Obermeyer needs to have an edge on the market. Starting in 1985 with a joint venture in Hong Kong called Obersport, the company began to increase productivity to meet their new demands. Recently, a number of contractual ventures were added and a new complex in Lo Village Guangdong China have enhance production but increase the level of difficulty on the planning and production stages. The Sp ort Obermeyer case describes the forecasting, planning and production processes of a global skiwear supply channel. The case provides an in-depth description of the planning and production processes Sport Obermeyer and its supply channel partners undergo each year to develop and deliver Obermeyer's product line. The case will emphasis on the nature of the information that flows among the members of the supply chain and the timing of key decisions and events in order to have a successful inventory line. Sport Obermeyer, was founded in 1947 by Klaus Obermeyer. Klaus Obermeyer, a German immigrant began teaching at the Aspen Ski School in 1947. During his time teaching, he observed his students being unprotect... ...training and increasing the amount of workers would far exceed Obermeyers input cost. The backbone of Obermeyer's sales is the parkas. It would be in their best interest to produce all the parkas in China were profit would be maximized. The Hong Kong factories should be used to produce the different styles of Obermeyer Ltd. In conclusion, Obermeyer must strategize an effective method of calculating production decisions. Obermeyers initial issues have been due to scant information about how the market would react to the line. There is no indication of how consumers reacted to 1992-93 line of their skiwear. Obermeyer must comply sample data from the buying committee's forecast and correlate it with Obermeyer's top selling products. This would alleviate the amount of risk and loss executed every year due to inaccurate information of the market's reaction.

Emergence of Communicative Language Teaching

Discuss the three terms â€Å"Approach†, â€Å"Method† and â€Å"Technique† and describe one Approach which provides the basis for a Method and subsequently some Techniques under that particular Method. APPROACH Theories about the nature of language and language learning Theory of language Structural Functional Interactional METHOD Objectives Organization of Content Syllabus Design Roles 1. Learner2. Teacher3. Materials Types of Interaction Types of activitiesContent Based TECHNIQUEImplementation of the design Classroom Practice Activities behavior's In English language teaching process, there are terms that teachers need to know. They are approach, method, and technique. About four decades ago (1963) Edward M. Anthony gave us a definition that has admirably withstood the test of time. According to Edward M. Anthony an approach is a set of correlative assumptions dealing with the nature of the language and the nature of language teaching and learning. In other w ords the word ‘approach’ in ELT refers to different theories about the nature of language and how languages are learned.Let us move on to our second definition – of method. Method is an overall plan for systematic presentation of language based on selected approach. It consists of a number of techniques, arranged in an order. When we talk about techniques we mean specific activities which take place in a classroom. Using flash cards in the classroom is a technique. Techniques must be consistent with a method, and therefore in harmony with an approach too. According to Longman Dictionary of Applied Linguistics, Approach refers to different theories about the nature of the language and how languages are learned.Method refers to a way of teaching a language based on systematic principles. It is an application of views on how language is taught and learned. Technique refers to what takes place in the classroom. The forthcoming analysis focuses on the behaviourist app roach, the audio lingual method and different drilling techniques. The Audio-Lingual Method The Audio-lingual method is a style of teaching used in teaching foreign languages. It is based on behaviorist theory. Behaviourist theory professes that certain traits of living things could be trained through a system of reinforcement.The Audio-lingual method was widely used in the United States and other countries in the 1950’s and 1960’s. The theory underlying Audio-lingual method is that ‘language is primarily speech’. If listening and speaking skills were developed, they would form the foundation for developing reading and writing skills. As learning a language is acquiring a certain set of habits, this method recommends that the teachers of English should take up pronunciation practice, pattern drills and conversation practice in their classroom regularly.Another principle that has become the basis for this method is that all of us have learnt our languages b y listening to the language spoken by others and speaking it starting with monosyllabic disyllabic sounds. According to ELT experts a second language can be learnt in this way. The Audio-lingual method is a method that deals with a behaviorist theory that uses stimulus, response, and reinforcement. STIMULUSRESPONSEREINFORCEMENT Here are some psychological foundations of the Audio-lingual method. Foreign language learning is basically a process of mechanical habit formation.Good habits are formed by giving correct responses rather than by mistakes. By memorizing dialogues and performing pattern drills the chances of producing mistakes are minimized. Language is verbal behaviour. Language skills are learned more effectively if they are presented orally first, then in written or printed form. An analogy provides a better foundation for language learning than analysis. Analogy involves the process of generalization and discrimination. Explanation of how language functions under certain rules is not given by the teacher.Students should practice a pattern in different contexts and arrive at the analogy between the first and the second language. The teaching of grammar is best done inductively rather than deductively. The meanings that the words of a language have for the native speaker can be learnt only in a linguistic and cultural context and not in isolation. Teaching a language thus involves teaching aspects of the cultural system of that people who speak the language. Dialogues and drills form the basis of Audio-lingual classroom practices.The use of drills and pattern practice is a distinctive feature of the Audio-lingual method. Various kinds of drills are used. Types of Oral Drills Repetition: where the student repeats an utterance as soon as he hears it Teacher: This is the seventh month. Student: This is the seventh month Inflection: Where one word in a sentence appears in another form when repeated Teacher: I ate the sandwich. Student: I ate the sandwiche s. Replacement: Where one word is replaced by another Teacher: He bought the car for half-price. Student: He bought it for half-price. Restatement: The student re-phrases an utteranceTeacher: Tell me not to smoke so often. Student: Don't smoke so often! Completion: where the student repeats the utterance in completed form. Techer: I’ll go my way and you go. Student: I’ll go my way and you go yours. Instruction materials in the Audio-lingual method assist the teacher to develop language mastery in the learner. †¢Tape recorders †¢Audiovisual equipments †¢Language laboratory In the late 1950s, the theoretical underpinnings of the method were questioned by linguists such as Noam Chomsky, who pointed out the limitations of structural linguistics.Despite being discredited as an effective teaching methodology in 1970, audio-lingualism continues to be used today. REFERENCES ?Richard. C. Jack and Rodgers. S. Theodore. 2003. Approaches and Methods in Language Teac hing . The Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge. ?Rao Venugopal, K. 2002. Methods of Teaching English. Neelkamal Publications. pvt. ltd ? Allen, B. Teaching English as a Second Language. 1965. ?http//www. mindmeister. com ?http://en. Wikipedia. Org/wiki/audio-lingual-method