Accent Strength And Regional Accents

Accent Strength And Regional Accents At a party one night a visitor from another country remarks that You dont have so strong an accent as your friends. You had previously believed that you had no accent and that you spoke like your friends, but the statement helps you to realize that you carry a regional accent, just like everyone else around you. What explanation could you offer your visitor for why you never realized that fact before and why you really do have an accent just like the one your friends have? What explanation could you offer your visitor for why you never realized that fact before? What explanation could you offer your visitor for why you really do have an accent just like the one your friends have? 1) Why I never realised that: a) I had no accent. b) My accent is not as strong as my friends. c) I have an accent just like one of my friends. WHY I NEVER REALISED THAT I HAD AN ACCENT. Most people dont realize that they have an accent because they are accustom to the pronunciation and rhythm of speech in their country. It sounds normal hearing other Trinidadian speak. Whenever I meet foreigners, it intrigues me to hear their accent and I try to figure out which country they are from. Hearing a foreigners accent sounds strange to me because it is not the norm in my place of abode. Although most people have an accent they do not acknowledge this greatly. We live in a society where mostly everyone speaks and sounds the same, with the exception of foreigners and those with speak difficulties. We always consider the main accent as normal and any other accent as funny or strange. I never realized this because I lived my entire in Trinidad and never travelled or lived abroad where my accent was not the popular. Hearing you speak to me makes me realize that the way I speak CUNNING LINGUISTICS Everyone has an accent. Some readers might think, No shit! Thats obvious! But its not obvious, smart arse. A survey held in Britain in 2005 revealed that 7% of respondents dont believe they have an accent. I would claim that the actual figure is even much higher than that. Were all prisoners of our own culture. Living within a society, were surrounded and bombarded by a majority accent. To us, that accent sounds natural and other accents sound different. Sometimes we confuse the familiar accent as being right, and the different ones as being wrong. It may sound silly, but I never realised I had an accent until I set foot in England at age 25. Having lived in Trinidad for my whole life, to me when Trinis spoke it sounded normal. But in England, as soon as I said something people would look at me. The funny thing too is that I had to learn what my accent sounded like by listening to my other Trini friends, and still I didnt think they had an accent. Then I realised I had to listen to intonations of how Trinidadians spoke. Some people change their accents to blend in. However, I think my accent got even thicker, as my way to hold on to my Caribbean identity, and I revelled in speaking Trinidadian Creole (which is a dialect that was formed by slaves mixing English with their own language, and includes unique words and sayings). People say Trinidadians accent sounds happy. To quote a previous boss, she said it sounded like a lilt. When I speak Standard English people understand it quite well. Like Paull says, it depends on how its delivered; its the slang/ dialect that can confuse people. Ive spoken with Paull, and another Aussie and had no problems understanding them. Seems they understood me quite well also, and our accents are quite different. Ask A Linguist FAQ What is an accent? An accent is a way of pronouncing a language. It is therefore impossible to speak without an accent. Some people may think they do not have an accent. Or you may think that there are other people who do not have an accent. Everyone has an accent. The term accentless is sometimes used (by non-linguists) about people who speak one of the high prestige reference accents (such as General American or, less commonly, RP), which are associated with people from a fairly wide region and with people of high social class. But these are also accents. I will mention them again later in this FAQ. MY ACCENT IS NOT AS STRONG AS MY FRIENDS CUNNING LINGUISTICS Accents dont just vary at the level of nationality (e.g., Aussie) or region (e.g., Boston). They also vary with the individual (e.g., you). Your accent is a fingerprint, a totally unique, distinctive way of talking (linguists call this an idiolect). It isnt fixed though. It can change, with the right combination of influence and interest. Recently, some twit asked me, Why dont you sound American yet? Okay, Ive been in the States for two and a half years now, and my accent now sounds a little different to me. But, by contrast, this difference is generally imperceptible to Americans (and non-linguists). Your accent does leave a Hansel and Gretel-like trail of where youve been. Obviously, it takes awhile for a new accent to kick in. Other factors can influence this process too, whether you want to adopt an accent (convergence) or dont want to adopt it (divergence). Accents are like tracking devices that can reveal where youve been. The field of Forensic Linguistics investigates this area. In August 2005, a militant video of an al-Qaeda fighter was found. A forensic linguist was able to determine several aspects of the fighters identity, that he had been raised in Australia and possibly had parents of Middle Eastern descent. This area is useful in legal cases, especially for identification, transcription and in authenticating recordings. Accent (linguistics) Prestige Certain accents are perceived to carry more prestige in a society than other accents. This is often due to their association with the elite part of society. For example in the United Kingdom, Received Pronunciation of the English language is associated with the traditional upper class. I HAVE AN ACCENT JUST LIKE ONE OF MY FRIENDS CUNNING LINGUISTICS Another twit drives around with a bumper sticker on his SUV proclaiming: Welcome to America. Nowà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦speak English or get out! What a funny fuck! This pseudo-patriotic, prejudiced twit has no control over who speaks what and where. This is a dynamic process that he can only witness. American English may be the fastest growing version of Englishà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦but Spanish is the fastest growing language in Americaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ So, accents can reveal our regional origins, but they can also suggest what kind of social circles we move in. Compare the Queen of Englands accent to that of a miner in Yorkshire. Accent can also provide info about your economic background and education. Stop practicing your accentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦I can hear you right now! Accent (linguistics) As human beings spread out into isolated communities, stresses and peculiarities develop. Over time these can develop into identifiable accents. In North America, the interaction of people from many ethnic backgrounds contributed to the formation of the different varieties of North American accents. It is difficult to measure or predict how long it takes an accent to formulate. Accents in the USA, Canada and Australia, for example, developed from the combinations of different accents and languages in various societies, and the effect of this on the various pronunciations of the British settlers, yet North American accents remain more distant, either as a result of time or of external or foreign linguistic interaction, such as the Italian accent. In many cases, the accents of non-English settlers from Great Britain and Ireland affected the accents of the different colonies quite differently. Irish, Scottish and Welsh immigrants had accents which greatly affected the vowel pronunciation of certain areas of Australia and Canada Social factors When a group defines a standard pronunciation, speakers who deviate from it are often said to speak with an accent. People from the United States would speak with an accent from the point of view of an Australian, and vice versa. Accents such as BBC English or General American may sometimes be erroneously designated in their countries of origin as accentless to indicate that they offer no obvious clue to the speakers regional background. Groups sharing an identifiable accent may be defined by any of a wide variety of common traits. An accent may be associated with the region in which its speakers reside (a geographical accent), the socio-economic status of its speakers, their ethnicity, their caste or social class, their first language (when the language in which the accent is heard is not their native language), and so on. Regional accents of English Local accents are part of local dialects. Any dialect of English has unique features in pronunciation, vocabulary, and grammar. The term accent describes only the first of these, namely, pronunciation. See also: List of dialects of the English language. Non-native speakers of English tend to carry over the intonation and phonemic inventory from their mother tongue into their English speech. For more details see Non-native pronunciations of English. Among native English speakers, many different accents exist. Some regional accents are easily identified by certain characteristics. Further variations are to be found within the regions identified below; for example, towns located less than 10 miles (16 km) from the city of Manchester such as Bolton, Oldham and Salford, each have distinct accents, all of which form the Lancashire accent, yet in extreme cases are different enough to be noticed even by a non-local listener. There is also much room for misunderstanding between people from different regions, as the way one word is pronounced in one accent (for example, petal in American English) will sound like a different word in another accent (for example, pearl in Scottish English). Your accent results from how, where, and when you learned the language you are speaking and it gives impressions about you to other people. People do not have a single fixed accent which is determined by their experiences. We can control the way we speak, and do, both consciously and unconsciously. Most people vary their accent depending on who they are speaking with. We change our accents, often without noticing, as we have new life experiences. How accurate people are in knowing about you from your accent depends not only on the features of your accent, but also on who the listener is, and what they know about the other people who speak with a similar accent to you. Your accent might be one that is associated with people from a particular place (for example, with being from New York, London, or Delhi). Some people might just hear you as simply being from the US, England, or India. Your accent might give the impression that you spoke some other language before the one you are speaking at the moment (you might speak French with an English accent, or English with a Korean accent). Its impossible to speak without conveying some information through your accent. All languages are spoken with several different accents. There is nothing unusual about English. And not everyone who comes from the same place speaks the same: in any place there is a variety of accents. Language changes over time. We get new words, there are grammatical changes, and accents change over time. If you listen to recordings made by people from your own language community 100 years ago, you will hear for yourself that even over that time accents have changed. Try out some of the links from the Spoken Word Archive Group , for example. Why do languages develop different accents? Human nature. In all sorts of ways, we behave like those we mix with. We are members of social groups, and within our social group we like to behave in similar ways and show that we belong. We do this in language as well as in other ways (e.g. what we wear, what we eat). When groups become distinct, the way they speak becomes distinct too. This happens socially and geographically, but is easiest to illustrate by geographical differences. If a single group splits into two (imagine that one half goes to Island A and one half to Island B), then once they have separated, their accents will change over time, but not in the same way, so that after just one generation the accent of Island A will be different from the accent of Island B. If they stay completely separated for centuries, their dialects may become so different that we will start wanting to say they are speaking two different languages. Why are the accents a particular place like they are? Separate development accounts for some accent variation. But sometimes we need to talk about the first generation of speakers of a particular language brought up in a new place. The first children to grow up in a new place are very important. The children who grow up together are a peer group. They want to speak the same as each other to express their group identity. The accent they develop as they go through their childhood will become the basis for the accents of the new place. So where does their accent come from? The first generation of children will draw on the accents of the adults around them, and will create something new. If people move to a new place in groups (as English speakers did to America, Australia and New Zealand) that group usually brings several different accents with them. The children will draw on the mixture of accents they hear and create their own accent out of what they hear. The modern accents of Australia are more similar to London accents of English than to any other accent from England this is probably because the founder generation (in the eighteenth century) had a large component drawn from the poor of London, who were transported to Australia as convicts. The accents of New Zealand are similar to Australian accents because a large proportion of the early English-speaking settlers of New Zealand came from Australia. The mix found in the speech of the settlers of a new place establishes the kind of accent that their children will develop. But the first generation born in the new place will not keep the diversity of their parents generation they will speak with similar accents to the others of their age group. And if the population grows slowly enough, the children will be able to absorb subsequent children into their group, so that even quite large migrations of other groups (such as Irish people into Australia) will not make much difference to the accent of the new place. Most parents know this. If someone from New York (US) marries someone from Glasgow (Scotland, UK), and these two parents raise a child in Leeds (England, UK), that child will not speak like either of the parents, but will speak like the children he (I know of such a child!) is at school with. About Accents By Shiromi Nassreen, eHow Contributor When we hear a voice, one of the first things we might notice is a persons accent, particularly if that accent happens to be different from our own. If we cant see the person, we may even come to conclusions based on the accent. Accents can give us perceptions about a person that are not always accurate, such as how intelligent the person is or how much money he makes. What is an Accent? 1. An accent is the way in which a person pronounces a word in a language. Accents are caused by a number of factors, primarily the region that someone is from, where he learned to speak the language and his social background. However, despite that fact that accents tend to give away information regarding a persons background, accents can be changed. In fact, people will often unknowingly change their accents to fit their current location and social group. Some believe that they dont have an accent because it is a more commonly known accent such as the General American accent or the British Received Pronunciation typically seen on television; however, it is still an accent. The Origin of Accents 2. Accents develop and change naturally over time. However, a primary cause for the changing of an accent is when groups of people migrate to new locations. People will usually speak with the same accent as their peers. This helps to create a group identity. When groups migrate, such as the settlers of North America, they find themselves among a group where a variety of languages and accents is being spoken. The children of that group will draw on the accents spoken around them and develop a new accent. Accents and Development 3. Accents are often developed during childhood. Generally, children often find it easier to pick up accents. If a child whose parents are from England moves to Australia, the child is unlikely to speak with an English accent, speaking instead with the accent of the childs peers. However, should the child as an adult later wish to change her accent, that is also possible. Accents and Social Factors 4. Accents can not only indicate a region that a person is from but also that persons social background. Often certain accents are stereotypically associated with a certain class. British Received Pronunciation is usually associated with the upper class and a well-educated person. According to a study at Bath Spa University, the Brummie accent of Birmingham is thought to be the least intelligent of all the British regional accents studied. However, a person unfamiliar with these stereotypesan American, for examplewould not have the same perceptions of the accent.

Prohibition and Repeal 18th & 21st Amendments :: essays research papers fc

Prohibition   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Prohibition was the eighteenth amendment. It prohibited the production and consumption of alcoholic beverages. People would have never thought of â€Å"excoriating† alcohol until the 19th century (Tyrrell 16). During this time widespread crime and dismay arose. Some beneficial things did come out of this period of chaos such as women were able to prove themselves as people their temperance movements. During this time many things happened that led to Prohibition’s strongest point and to its fall. Prohibition proved to be a failure from the start,. Prohibition was scarcely adhered to and also widely defied but out of this women had a chance to voice their opinions and prove themselves.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Article V deals with amendments. Either house or law makers can propose amendments. In order for an amendment to be passed the House of Representatives and the Senate must ratify by three quarters vote. On January 29, 1919, the Secretary of State announced that on January 16th thirty-six states had ratified the amendment and therefore it had become a part of the Constitution.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Temperance movements were vital keys to the ratification of the eighteenth amendment. Temperance at first meant abstaining from distilled liquors, but later would be the complete avoidance of alcohol. Both men and women would participate in temperance across the United States. Women finally had a voice in these issues. Women temperance movements would include gathering around saloons, pharmacies, and other places that distributed alcohol that could be consumed. In these gatherings women would sing prayers, recite psalms, and persuade people to avoid drinking alcohol.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Among the men of these temperance groups was a Connecticut preacher named Lymm Beecher. He was well known for his work with temperance movements. He was also known for his publishing, Six Sermons on the Nature, Occasions, Signs, Evils, and Remedy of intemperance. He was a pre-prohibition modern day Reverend Jonathon Edwards by â€Å"appealing to the deepest emotions and beliefs of his readers† (Lucas 24). Ironically he moved to Boston and worked with Reverend Justin Edwards to unite temperance groups.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Among the women of the temperance era, Francis Elizabeth Willard was probably one of the most important temperance leaders. She was born September 23, 1839 in New York. She first got her aversion towards alcohol by her father because he was a â€Å"total abstainer† (Lucas 32). Her interests in temperance grew when she heard stories of the Women’s Crusades in Ohio. She joined a team of crusaders in Pittsburg and later became the president of the Chicago branch of the Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU).

Gautam Buddha Essay

Gautama Buddha, also known as Siddhartha Gautam, Shakyamuni, or simply the Buddha, was a spiritual teacher from ancient times and the founder of Buddhism. He is universally recognized by Buddhists as the Supreme Buddha (Sammasambuddha) of our age. Yet his exact date of birth and death is uncertain but a majority of historians date his lifetime from circa 623 B. C. to 543 B. C. He is one of the few luminaries in the history of humans who is such a wide and lasting influence to the people. There are countless stories of the Buddha each tradition, each culture, each time period has their own stories . It is believed that, immediately after his birth he took seven steps and on each step a lotus blossomed which represents the seven colours of rainbow. The tales say he was a son of a king raised in a palace with every imaginable luxury, he was called Siddhartha Gautama-a prince among a clan of warriors â€Å"When I was a child† he said â€Å"I was delicately brought up most delicately, a white sunshade was held over me day and night to protect me from cold, heat, dirt and dust. My father gave me three lotus’s ponds one where red lotuses bloomed, one where white lotuses bloomed, one where blue lotuses bloomed† Pali talkie Gautam Buddha is the key figure in Buddhism. Discourses, and monastic rules were summarized only after his death and memorized. Passed down by oral tradition, the Tripitak- the holy book of Buddhism is also written on pali language only after 400 years of his death which is divided into 3 parts 1st the rules that a Buddhist monk needs to follow, 2nd Buddha’s admonition and 3rd Accounts of Buddha’s life. Siddartha Gautam: Siddhartha Gautam was born in southern Nepal at the foot of the Himalayas on the famous gardens of Lumbini, which is located in the Terai plains of southern Nepal, testified by the inscription on the pillar erected by the Mauryan Emperor Asoka in 249 B. C. Siddhartha was a child with a contemplative bent of mind. He was inclined towards meditation and spiritual pursuits much against the wishes of his father. His father feared that Siddhartha might leave home, and so, kept tried to insulate him from the harsh realities of the world outside by keeping him inside the palace all the time. Sealed from pain and suffering Siddhartha indulged in a life of pure pleasure. Every whim satisfied every desire fulfilled. The Buddha once said â€Å"During the rainy season I stayed in my palace where I was entertained by musicians and dancing girls I never thought of leaving. † when he was sixteen his father draws him in tighter in to palace life, married him to his cousin which wasn’t long before they fell in love. But one day when he goes outside travelling through the kingdom, and he has the first of four encounters he sees an old man and he ask his attendants and attendants replied oh! That is the change, no human being could stay young everybody needs to grow old. Then on his next tour outside he sees a sick man and doesn’t quite understand what it is, again he ask his attendants then his attendants replied oh! That happens to all of us everybody gets sick and don’t think you are a prince and you don’t get sick your father, your mother everybody will become sick. Then he sees that it isn’t just a sick person in fact it’s the universal and something is stimulated inside of him so he keeps getting the chariot to take him out then he sees horror after horror. And on his third trip outside he meets a corps then he recognizes impermanence, suffering and death as a real state of things, the world that he has been protected, sealed or kept from seeing and he was shocked then he realized this is my fate too I will also become old I will also become sick and eventually I will also die, how do I deal with these things. And then on his fourth trip outside he sees the spiritual seeker someone who was decided to live a life completely other than his life in order to escape impermanence, sufferings and death. Soon after he left his family and Kingdom at the age of 29 and went into the forest in search of peace and truth. Siddhartha was alone in the world for the first time, on the bank of the nearby river he drew his sword â€Å"although my father and step mother were grieving with tears on their faces† Siddhartha said â€Å"I cut of my hair I put on the yellow robes and went forth from home into homelessness. I have been wounded by the enjoyment of the world and I had come out longing to obtained peace. † Then he wandered from place to place to gain knowledge. He met many cholars and saints but he was not satisfied. At last he started hard meditation bearing great physical suffering. Emaciated, exhausted Siddhartha tortures’ himself trying to destroy anything within himself that he sees it’s bad. It is said that Siddhartha had lived many life before this one as countless animals, innumerable human beings and even gods across four incalculable ages that secret text say and many eons experiencing life in all at different forms. The Buddha: Gautam Buddha seated under a pipal tree—now known as the Bodhi tree—in Bodh Gaya small town in north eastern India. For Buddhist there are hundreds of holy places but none more sacred than Bodh Gaya. It is the sacred point from which the buddhits faith radiates. It is their mecca or jeroselum or any other initiation forms of initiator. Then he vowed never to arise until he had found the truth so he sat down with his rags he was wearing under the shade of Bodhi tree at the bank of the river and began to meditate. It was spring time with a full moon on the sky at night, before the sun would rise Siddhartha’s long search would be over. Siddhartha now got transformed into Buddha or the enlightened one at the age of the thirty five. The pipal tree under which he got Enlightment came to be known as Bodhi Vriksha. Buddha saw nature of the people envy, jealousy and strong negative mental stage. He analyzed all the people in the world they are like the fishes riddling in the very shallow water. So Buddha he himself is afraid to teach the people. Then, the myth says the god BRAHMA himself comes to the Buddha kneeling down and asked Buddha to teach people what he had gains during all his life BRAHMA implies that is what every human needed to satisfied one’s life otherwise the human life would never be fulfilled. And then Buddha decided to give his teachings. For the remaining 45 years of his life, the Buddha devote his rest of his life bringing his teachings the â€Å"Dharma† the fundamental laws of all things into the world. He preached his first sermon in Sarnath, near Varanasi. He taught that the world is full of sorrows and people suffer on account of desire. Hence desires needed to be conquered by following Eightfold Path. Of these eight paths, the first three would ensure physical control, the next two ensures mental control, and the last two would ensure intellectual development. It is said that the Buddha traveled in the Gangetic Plain, in what is now Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and southern Nepal, teaching a diverse range of people: from nobles to outcaste street sweepers, murderers such as Angulimala, and cannibals such as Alavaka. Cast was irrelevant to the Buddha so his teachings focused within the universe. From the outset, Buddhism was equally open to all races and classes, and had no caste structure, as was the rule for most Hindus in the-then society. Bliss, nirvana the Buddha taught could be found in a freeing movement through the practice of meditation the Buddha showed to his followers how to come to the terms with their own roiling thoughts and desires by paying attention to them, by becoming aware becoming mindful. What Buddha realizes is that if we can get rid of this fundamental misunderstanding of the nature of itself based on egotism, we won’t screw up everything we do, because we are thinking about it in a wrong way. Once you stop centering your feelings about feelings on yourselves, what naturally arise are simple compassions, compassions for your own sufferings and others as well. For decades the Buddha shared his teachings all across north eastern India that all beings are happy, he taught weak or strong, great or small. He said let us cherish all creatures as a mother her only child. Bare foot in his robes he was still walking along the roads when he was eighty an old age was upon him his back hurt, his stomach was often in pain, â€Å"I am old worn out† he told to a trusted disciple â€Å"like a deflated craft held together within straps†, the world is so sweet he said that he could understands to wanting to live at least another century but he was fragile and exhausted he become ill at the village named Kushinagar near Nepal. Kushinagar is revered by the pilgrims where the Buddha finally left this world. It was in Kushinagar where he grew weak and has to laid on his side in a quite grove of Sal trees as near the end his disciples began to weep striking with grief. But the Buddha reassured them that all things change he said whatever is born is subject to decay. He was saying these is natural process he tells his disciples, use this time, use the energy here even this, for your own awakening , so he use even his own death and their sadness as a time to remind them of what they real task was. In short: Now, Buddhism is more than 2500 years old there are more than 350 million followers in the world who follows Buddhism. The gist is Buddhism arose as a result of Siddhartha Gautam’s quest for Enlightenment in around the 6th century BC. There is no belief in a personal God in Buddhism. It is not centered on the relationship between humanity and god. Buddhists believe that nothing is fixed or permanent- change is always possible. The two main Buddhist Sects are Theravada Buddhism and Mahayam Buddhism, but there are many more. There is not particular place where Buddhists can worships they can worships both at home or at a temple. The path to enlightenment is through the practice and development of morality, mediation and wisdom. â€Å"It may be that after I am gone that some of you will think that now we have no teacher but that is not how you should see it, let the dharma and the discipline that I have taught you be your teacher, all individual things pass away strive on untiringly† Buddha’s last words. The fundamental need for the peace is the peace in the individuals mind. We can give others only the values and idea that we possess. Only the happy and satisfied person, therefore, can provide the happiness and love to others and be able to unite people. The present world situation is the result of our way of thinking. World peace is possible only when all the people love each other. If everybody thinks about each other we would not have problems, but we are habitual in our thinking and define everything according to ourselves or group or community or country. If we steal from another, we steal from ourselves. Instead, we should learn to give and take care of things that belong to our family, to the school, or to the public. Proper conduct shows respect for oneself and others. Our bodies are gifts from our parents, so we should protect them from harm. Young people should especially keep their natures pure and develop their virtue. It is up to them to make the world a better place to live. Religion is religion only when it unites people and not if divides. We therefore, need conversation from leaders to masters, religious persons to spiritual persons to achieve a level of World Peace.

Synthesis Of Two Variables Rural And Access To Mental...

Synthesis of Two Variables: Rural and Access to Mental Health Providers Annie N. Brown Duquesne University Synthesis of Two Variables: Rural and Access to Mental Health Providers Research requires the nursing scientists to explore the context of problems encountered. In order to identify targeted directions to hone efforts researchers must first identify the variables to be studied. The purpose of this paper is to synthesize the variables of Rural and Access to Mental Health Providers. Definition of Variables According to the United States Census Bureau (2017) rural is explained as a delineation of geographical areas identified by urban clusters of at least 2,500 people and less than 50,000 or urbanized areas of†¦show more content†¦Snowball sampling through the PCPs identified 8 sites meeting the inclusion criteria. The sites then identified patients with mental illness and family members who were willing to talk to researchers. The sample size was 44 which included a combination of patients and family members. A semi-structured interview process performed during group discussions were recorded, transcribed and analyzed by mental health professionals for coherent themes (Robinson et al, 2012). Five main themes were identified which included a perception of community stigma related to mental illness, physical limitations such as distance and cost affect access to care, perceived inadequate care solutions, unresolved coordination of care, and reliance o n family to aid in and deliver mental health care (Robinson et al, 2012). The second research article looked at rural Pennsylvania PCPs perceptions of caring for rural women with mental health complaints. Sampling was purposive using the American Medical Association Physician Masterfile to identify all physicians practicing in 28 RUCA zip codes labeled 1-6 (Colon-Gonzalez, McCall-Hosenfeld, Weisman, Hillemeier, Perry, Chuang, 2013). Such sampling identified 250 physicians with a final study sample size of 19 who participated in either phone or in person interviews. Four major themes were identified which included PCPs identifyingShow MoreRelatedRisk Pooling in Health Care Finance18578 Words   |  75 PagesRisk Pooling in Health Care Finance Peter C. Smith and Sophie N. 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Traditions in The Lottery, by Shirley Jackson Essay

Shirley Jacksons story, The Lottery is about a group of towns people who meet every year on the 27th of June. On this day a stoning takes place, as it washes away the sins of everyone that lived in the village. However, should the tradition of the stoning be changed when it becomes your time? On this day every year the people of the village began to gather in the square, around ten oclock (Jackson) to prepare for the stoning. This event would take about two hours as there were only about three hundred people (Jackson). Men, women and children participated in this tradition of stoning. It was a very simple plan as to who would be stoned to death. It consisted on the exact number of people in the village as to how many†¦show more content†¦Mr. Summers called out everyones name separately when it was their turn to drawl a piece of paper from the box. The papers had to remain closed until everyone had taken their turn. Mr. Summers announced that it was now time for everyone to open their pieces of paper that they had drawn from the box to see who had received the black dot. The village people became anxious, as they wanted to known who received the paper with the black dot on it. The people of the village began to say, Its Hutchinson. Its Bill, Bill Hutchinsons got it (Jackson). Mrs. Hutchinson began shouting that it was not fair, and that Mr. Hutchinson was not permitted enough time to draw from the box. The people of the village began telling Mrs. Hutchinson that everything was done correctly and to be a good sport (Jackson). Mr. Summers asked Mr. Hutchinson how many people were in his family. Mr. Hutchinson answered with the number five. Mr. Summers then took four pieces of blank paper and the one paper with the black dot on it, and placed the five pieces of paper back into the black box (Jackson). The Hutchinson family would have to do the drawing all over again, except whoever received the paper with the black dot on it would be the one stoned. As the family opened their papers, they had taken from the box Mrs. Hutchinson stood holding the bla ck dot. Mr. Summers then announced, Lets finish quickly (Jackson). Mrs. Hutchinson was standing in the center ofShow MoreRelatedTradition in The Lottery by Shirley Jackson1774 Words   |  8 PagesAmerica’s most beloved short stories, â€Å"The Lottery,† by Shirley Jackson, leaves readers with excitement and perhaps a small sense of doubt. Doubt could be an aspect of the reader’s mind due to the gory fact of the cultural tradition in the small farming town of the story. Shirley Jackson’s â€Å"The Lottery† displays the theme of unwavering ritualistic tradition and the use of symbolism throughout the story. This means the village is unable to move past their tradition while symbolism is shown through character’sRead MoreTradition in The Lottery by Shirley Jackson Essay1229 Words   |  5 Pages   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Tradition; it is the back bone of every culture and civilization. It is what keeps the beliefs, philosophies, and activities of societies alive, to be passed down from generation to generation. However not all traditions are practiced with pure intentions.   Some activities become so routine, people don’t know a life outside of them. Societies become so accustomed to â€Å"tradition† that they will participate in pastimes without   questioning the ethics or morals of the situation. UltimatelyRead MoreIgnornance of Tradition in The Lottery, by Shirley Jackson1014 Words   |  5 Pages Tradition, defined as the handing down of information, beliefs, and customs by word of mouth or by example from one generation to another without written instruction. (Tradition) Tradition is a core trait of humanity, from the time before recorded history to present, humanity has followed traditions or customs that have been passed down from generation to generation. More often than not communities all over the world blindly follow these practices with little regard to who startedRead MoreThe Meaning of a Tradition in The Lottery by Shirley Jackson574 Words   |  2 PagesShirley Jackson wrote many books in her life, but she was well known by people for her story â€Å"The Lottery† (Hicks). â€Å"The Lottery† was published on June 28, 1948, in the New Yorker magazine (Schilb). The story sets in the morning of June 27th in a small town. The townspeople gather in the square to conduct their annual tradition, the Lottery. The winner of the lottery will stoned to death by the society. Although there is no main character in the story, the story develops within other important elementsRead MoreTraditions in The Lottery, by Shirley Jackson Essay576 Words   |  3 PagesThesis: After a long period of time passes people forget the true meaning of their traditions by slowly disregarding as the years pass. I. The first part of the traditional ritual that is changed is the chips of wood. A. Chips of wood, Mr. Summers had argued, had been all very well when the village was tiny... B. Its perceived as though there is no regard to how the ancestors of this village put on the lottery. II. The second part of the traditional ritual that is changed is the recitalRead MoreTradition in The Lottery, by Shirley Jackson Essay1769 Words   |  8 PagesTradition in â€Å"The Lottery† There are many things that people do every day without questioning why they do them. These are our habits and traditions, and though for the most part they are unimportant they can be a crucial part of our culture and our interactions with each other. Sometimes there are traditions that can cause harm or are morally unacceptable. What should be done in this case? Edmund Burke, a nineteenth century politician and author, argues that it is best to stick with traditionRead MoreEssay on â€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson: A Brutal Tradition608 Words   |  3 Pagesthe oppression and cruelty by the bad people but the silence over that by the good people,† capturing the main message of the short story â€Å"The Lottery,† by Shirley Jackson, perfectly, because of the themes of peer pressure and tradition present throughout the story. In this story, the people of a small village gather for their annual tradition, a lottery, in which one person is picked at random out of a box containing each of the villagers’ names. The village, which is not specifically named, seemsRead MoreTradition Stays Put in The Lottery by Shirley Jackson1053 Words   |  4 PagesTradition Stays Put Easily regarded as one of America’s most beloved short stories, â€Å"The Lottery,† by Shirley Jackson, leaves readers with excitement and perhaps a small sense of doubt. Doubt could be an aspect of the reader’s mind due to the gory fact of the cultural tradition in the small farming town of the story. Shirley Jackson’s â€Å"The Lottery† displays the theme of unwavering ritualistic tradition and symbolism. This means the village is unable to move past their tradition while symbolismRead More Theme of Tradition in The Lottery by Shirley Jackson Essay1322 Words   |  6 PagesThe Lottery by Shirley Jackson Americans day after day live much of their lives following time-honored traditions that are passed down from one generation to another. From simple everyday cooking and raising children, to holidays and other family rituals, tradition plays a significant role on how they go by there everyday lives. In Shirley Jacksons short story, The Lottery, the citizens of a small farming town follow one such tradition. A point is made regarding human nature in relationRead MoreTraditions in The Lottery by Shirley Jackson and A Rose for Emily by William Faulkner1176 Words   |  5 PagesThroughout the world there have been bazaar rituals or traditions that don’t usually happen in the United States. To us it may seem wrong and cruel but to those countries seems to be the right thing to do because that is what they believe in. Some countries do their rituals or traditions like every single year. Most of them are somewhat similar or different but still have the same aspect. There are many people who still follow these traditions or try to escape to another place so they can be free Traditions in The Lottery, by Shirley Jackson Essay Thesis: After a long period of time passes people forget the true meaning of their traditions by slowly disregarding as the years pass. I. The first part of the traditional ritual that is changed is the chips of wood. A. Chips of wood, Mr. Summers had argued, had been all very well when the village was tiny... B. Its perceived as though there is no regard to how the ancestors of this village put on the lottery. II. The second part of the traditional ritual that is changed is the recital. A. It is said that it was ...performed by the official of the lottery, a perfunctory, tuneless chant that had been rattled off duly each year... B. . Its almost as if they heard of the tradition, took the stoning someone to death†¦show more content†¦The first part of the traditional ritual that is changed is the chips of wood. Chips of wood, Mr. Summers had argued, had been all very well when the village was tiny... The result of this argument was replacing the chips of wood with little pieces of paper since the population of the village had increased. This reveals how the growth of the community can change peoples perspective on how they are used to doing this tradition. Its perceived as though there is no regard to how the ancestors of this village put on the lottery. No one shows deep family values to keep the tradition rich and pure of its originating roots. The chips of wood are taken from a tradition to basically do away with extra time and work. The second part of the traditional ritual that is changed is the recital. It is said that it was ...performed by the official of the lottery, a perfunctory, tuneless chant that had been rattled off duly each year... This recital was allowed to lapse years and years ago. The recital was part of the tradition for many years and its very disturbing to know that it would just be tossed aside like last weeks garbage. Its almost as if they heard of the tradition, took the stoning someone to death part, and then created the rest of the ritual themselves. Coming from a family of deep roots and many traditions, the destroying of a tradition would be greatlyShow MoreRelatedTradition in The Lottery by Shirley Jackson1774 Words   |  8 PagesAmerica’s most beloved short stories, â€Å"The Lottery,† by Shirley Jackson, leaves readers with excitement and perhaps a small sense of doubt. Doubt could be an aspect of the reader’s mind due to the gory fact of the cultural tr adition in the small farming town of the story. Shirley Jackson’s â€Å"The Lottery† displays the theme of unwavering ritualistic tradition and the use of symbolism throughout the story. This means the village is unable to move past their tradition while symbolism is shown through character’sRead MoreTradition in The Lottery by Shirley Jackson Essay1229 Words   |  5 Pages   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Tradition; it is the back bone of every culture and civilization. It is what keeps the beliefs, philosophies, and activities of societies alive, to be passed down from generation to generation. However not all traditions are practiced with pure intentions.   Some activities become so routine, people don’t know a life outside of them. Societies become so accustomed to â€Å"tradition† that they will participate in pastimes without   questioning the ethics or morals of the situation. UltimatelyRead MoreIgnornance of Tradition in The Lottery, by Shirley Jackson1014 Words   |  5 Pages Tradition, defined as the handing down of information, beliefs, and customs by word of mouth or by example from one generation to another without written instruction. (Tradition) Tradition is a core trait of humanity, from the time before recorded history to present, humanity has followed traditions or customs that have been passed down from generation to generation. More often than not communities all over the world blindly follow these practices with little regard to who startedRead MoreThe Meaning of a Tradition in The Lottery by Shirley Jackson574 Words   |  2 PagesShirley Jackson wrote many books in her life, but she was well known by people for her story â€Å"The Lottery† (Hicks). â€Å"The Lottery† was published on June 28, 1948, in the New Yorker magazine (Schilb). The story sets in the morning of June 27th in a small town. The townspeople gather in the square to conduct their annual tradition, the Lottery. The winner of the lottery will stoned to death by the society. Although there is no main character in the story, the story develops within other important elementsRead MoreTradition in The Lottery, by Shirley Jackson Essay1769 Words   |  8 PagesTradition in â€Å"The Lottery† There are many things that people do every day without questioning why they do them. These are our habits and traditions, and though for the most part they are unimportant they can be a crucial part of our culture and our interactions with each other. Sometimes there are traditions that can cause harm or are morally unacceptable. What should be done in this case? Edmund Burke, a nineteenth century politician and author, argues that it is best to stick with traditionRead MoreTraditions in The Lottery, by Shirley Jackson Essay464 Words   |  2 Pages Shirley Jacksons story, The Lottery is about a group of towns people who meet every year on the 27th of June. On this day a stoning takes place, as it washes away the sins of everyone that lived in the village. However, should the tradition of the stoning be changed when it becomes your time? On this day every year the people of the village began to gather in the square, around ten oclock (Jackson) to prepare for the stoning. This event would take about two hours as there wereRead MoreEssay on â€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson: A Brutal Tradition608 Words   |  3 Pagesthe oppression and cruelty by the bad people but the silence over that by the good people,† capturing the main message of the short story â€Å"The Lottery,† by Shirley Jackson, perfectly, because of the themes of peer pressure and tradition present throughout the story. In this story, the people of a small village gather for their annual tradition, a lottery, in which one person is picked at random out of a box containing each of the villagers’ names. The village, which is not specifically named, seemsRead MoreTradition Stays Put in The Lottery by Shirley Jackson1053 Words   |  4 PagesTradition Stays Put Easily regarded as one of America’s most beloved short stories, â€Å"The Lottery,† by Shirley Jackson, leaves readers with excitement and perhaps a small sense of doubt. Doubt could be an aspect of the reader’s mind due to the gory fact of the cultural tradition in the small farming town of the story. Shirley Jackson’s â€Å"The Lottery† displays the theme of unwavering ritualistic tradition and symbolism. This means the village is unable to move past their tradition while symbolismRead More Theme of Tradition in The Lottery by Shirley Jackson Essay1322 Words   |  6 PagesThe Lottery by Shirley Jackson Americans day after day live much of their lives following time-honored traditions that are passed down from one generation to another. From simple everyday cooking and raising children, to holidays and other family rituals, tradition plays a significant role on how they go by there everyday lives. In Shirley Jacksons short story, The Lottery, the citizens of a small farming town follow one such tradition. A point is made regarding human nature in relationRead MoreTraditions in The Lottery by Shirley Jackson and A Rose for Emily by William Faulkner1176 Words   |  5 PagesThroughout the world there have been bazaar rituals or traditions that don’t usually happen in the United States. To us it may seem wrong and cruel but to those countries seems to be the right thing to do because that is what they believe in. Some countries do their rituals or traditions like every single year. Most of them are somewhat similar or different but still have the same aspect. There are many people who still follow these traditions or try to escape to another place so they can be free

The Problem Of Juvenile Delinquency Essay - 1877 Words

Abstract 250 words Introduction The problem of juvenile delinquency is not new to the society. It occurs in all societies simple as well as complex. Juvenile Delinquency is committing of criminal acts or offences by minors, i.e. juveniles (individuals younger than the statutory age of majority). These acts does not follow under the category of ‘crimes’ as they would be for adults. Rather, crimes committed by minors or juveniles are called ‘delinquent acts’. It is not only a legal problem but also a psychological problem and the one who has to tackle it has to consider both psychological and familial angles of the problem. It includes two types of behaviors, i.e. status and delinquent offences. Status offences are the ones which are inappropriate or unhealthy for children and the adolescents and thus the behavior is prohibited because of the age of the offender. Smoking, drinking, truancy and running away from home are some examples of status offences. Delinquent offences mean violation of legal statutes. For example, murder, rape, assault, harassment, stalking, robbery, etc. Special courts are established with specially trained Magistrates for the trial of the delinquents. Instead of a ‘trial’, the juvenile has ‘adjudication’, after which he/she receives a ‘disposition’ and a sentence. It also provides for the formation of reformatory schools for the delinquents. In a developing country like India the problem of juvenile neglect and delinquency is considerably increasingShow MoreRelatedJuvenile Delinquency Is A Problem1508 Words   |  7 PagesJuvenile Delinquency When looking into the history of United States and elsewhere juvenile delinquency is a problem and has been one for over a century. Like other systems in place, the system involving juvenile delinquents has gone through many stages. In the case of the juvenile delinquency, it has gone through four stages, with us presently in the fourth. The causes behind juvenile delinquency are still unknown even today. Some blame it on the current culture, the over-exposure to violenceRead MoreThe Problem Of Juvenile Delinquency Essay1201 Words   |  5 PagesJuvenile delinquents are defined as being minors between the ages of 10 and 18. To be considered an delinquent the minor has committed some act that violates the law. These acts aren’t called crimes as they would be for adults. Rather than being called crimes, when committed by minors these acts are called delinquent acts. Delinquent acts generally fall into two categories. The first type of delinquent act is one that would be co nsidered a crime had an adult committed it. The second type of delinquentRead MoreThe Problem Of Juvenile Delinquency894 Words   |  4 Pagesmost are just beginning puberty, these young boys and girls are becoming juvenile delinquents because they chose the wrong path or the wrong path was laid out for them. THEORIES AND CAUSE OF JUVENILE DELIQUENCY There are many theories and causes to why some juveniles end up being juvenile delinquents. The first is that peer groups can play a major role in one’s life between the ages of twelve and eighteen, pressuring juveniles to abandon their home life and join street gangs. Society can play aRead MoreThe Problem Of Juvenile Delinquency1792 Words   |  8 PagesJUVENILE DELINQUENCY Various experts can give us many theories on the causes of juvenile delinquency, including one s economic background, substance abuse, delinquent peer groups, repeated exposure to violence, increased availability of firearms and media violence, however, I feel that the number one cause of juvenile delinquency is the breakdown of families, including lack of parental control over children. It is ironic in America, today, one must have a driver s license to operate a vehicleRead MoreProblem of Juvenile Delinquency1935 Words   |  8 PagesUnit 2 Project Philippe Francois the problem of juvenile Delinquency This paper explains that juvenile delinquency, it will make the argument on how to reduce it and bring light to this problem which is fast becoming one of the largest problems facing urban America. It can lead to law-breaking juvenile, which often can lead to adult lives as career criminals. Over the years experts have given us many theories on the causes of juvenile delinquency, including ones economic background, parentsRead MoreThe Problem Of Juvenile Delinquency3617 Words   |  15 PagesAbtract Setting the problem Juvenile delinquency can be closely related to many sociology problems across the United States, America’s youth in the 21st century are more at risk that this present time frame compared to 10-15 year. Delinquency has a close relationship with poverty and low-income houses, however low income does not only influence house but employment and education. Therefore, Research shows juvenile delinquency is an increasing social problem that has many contributing influencesRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency Is Not A Problem3877 Words   |  16 Pagesdecades juvenile violence crime has grown twice as quickly as that of the adults. Childhood experiences plays a very significant role in the development of criminality in a juvenile, generally this trait of criminality is not noticeable in the early life, but if they are acted upon future delinquency can be avoided. Juvenile delinquency is not a problem in just one corner of the earth but it is a problem faced worldwide in every country. In order to tackle with problems like juvenile delinquency effortsRead MoreThe Problem Of Juvenile Delinquency1498 Words   |  6 PagesJuvenile delinquents vary from ages ten to eighteen who have committed an act that violates the law. With every crime that is committed, there is a victim who has been impacted negatively. In Hampden County and all throughout the country, juvenile delinquents have victimized other juveniles, but also parents, business owners and even complete strangers. My job as a Victim/Witness Intern was to be the voice for those who don’t have one in a court of law. All of the victims and witnesses are tryingRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency : A Serious Problem999 Words   |  4 PagesJuvenile delinquency is a serious problem in the United States as a whole, and especially in the state of Illinois. Illinois is known for having crime problems especially in the urban Chicagoland areas. Implementing juvenile delinquency intervention programs ma y be the first step to combating this crime problem. There is potential to reduce future crime if the youths of today can be reached and helped with these programs. I have picked four programs which I believe will help combat these delinquencyRead MoreThe Problem Of Juvenile Delinquency892 Words   |  4 PagesStudy Group. In the year 2004 girls made up thirty percent of all juvenile arrest. However, the question still remains whether it is an increase in juvenile delinquency or society’s response to girl’s behavior. In order to find out the answers to these questions the office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency prevention created the Girls Study Group. To fight the statistics and improve the lives of girls in danger of juvenile delinquency. Resiliency is the power to be able to deal with a tremendous

Launch Of LINX Smart Cycling Helmet By COROS †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Launch Of LINX Smart Cycling Helmet. Answer: Introduction Entrepreneurship is defined as the steps undertaken by the business organizations for designing, launching and running a business. Therefore, entrepreneurship allows the business organizations to create something new, unique and innovative by adding value and devoting significant effort and time. Entrepreneurship needs to consider the necessary social, psychological and financial risks that will help in receiving suitable monetary rewards. This report highlights the launch of LINX smart cycling helmet by COROS for the Australian market. The report sheds lights on the idea of the product, the mission of launching such a product by analyzing the industry and competitors market. The report also includes the marketing plan for launching the product by selecting the target customers as well as evaluating the critical risks in terms of the company and the product. Background to the idea Considering the Australian market, COROS is aiming to launch a health related product for the cyclists. The company is launching LINX smart cycling helmet for the Australian population. COROS is located in Perth, Australia. The Australian population prefers cycling largely due to health benefit and consciousness. This is because the youth are Australia is highly concerned about their health and the surrounding environment. Additionally, mountain cycling is a sport that has gained high popularity among the Australian population in the recent years. Apart from the local population in Australia, it has been seen that the tourists also prefers cycling for exploring the scenic beauty of Australia. Therefore, the company is excited and largely relying on the launch of the LINX smart cycling helmet (Caserta 2012). The main aim and idea of launching the LINX smart cycling helmet is to present smart facilities to the cyclists and influence their decision of adopting cycling for both daily use and exploring Australia. Additionally, the company aim towards providing utmost safety for the cyclists. The use of the smart helmet will provide opportunity for the riders to explore the scenic beauty of Australia and capture the moments. Therefore, the cyclists will be able to capture and record the Australian environment while cycling rather than explore the beautiful country in cars. As a part of exercising, many youths prefer cycling rather than hitting the gym or having personal trainer. Therefore, the helmet also provides facilities such as measuring heartbeat and recoding the number of calories burnt by the individuals thereby, influencing the purchasing decision of the target customers. The features included in the LINX smart helmet are demanded by the Australian market. Therefore, the company has launched the smart helmet with the features that is highly demanded by the Australian population (Teng, Liang and Nguyen 2014 ). Mission The company wants increase the profit margin, business and customers by launching the smart helmet in the Australian population. The helmet is one of its kinds due to the features such as making calls, capturing and making videos, voice enabled GPS navigation and measuring heartbeat and calories burnt. The company aims towards expanding the business by creating a unique image in the eye of the customers. Therefore, the aforementioned unique features will help the company in standing out in the Australian market from the competitors. Along with providing such features, the company also aims towards ensuring safety for the customers. However, the company also aims towards educating and enlightening the cyclists the proper use of the helmet in order to avoid accidents due to the new features in the helmet. Such features have not been incorporated in the helmet before therefore, the the innovation brought in by the company will help in engaging the customers in future. The sustainable bu siness idea will help the company in future for global and international expansion (Blanco, Cernicchi and Galvanetto 2014). Product offering The company has incorporated wide range of innovative and unique features in the LINX smart cycling helmet. Ensuring safety is the primary motive of the company for the cyclists. The company while manufacturing the helmet by considering the safety of the cyclists has used polycarbonate shell with EPS impact foam. The company has used aerodynamics-optimized ventilation up to 15 vents in order to decrease the level of sound for the cyclists. This will allow the cyclists concentrate more on cycling rather than the external sounds (Sheard and Corsini 2012). This will help in mitigating the chances of accidents for the cyclists. The helmet is launched in both medium and large size so that the product is available for the target customers in the Australian market. The various innovative facilities incorporated within the helmet include voice enabled voice navigation, mobile facilities and music facilities. Bone conduction transducers with sensitivity up to 100 decibel have been used for combating with voice calling and music listening facilities (Abolfathi 2013). The customers for both daily and exercising purpose can use the cycling helmet. Keeping in mind the requirement, the company has made the microphone wind resistant. Therefore, the voice enabled GPS navigation will not be hampered due to the feature of wind resistant microphone. The manufacturing material of the battery is lithium due to which the lasting power of the battery is up to 10 hours per day. Therefore, less battery is exhausted due to the facilities such as listening to music, recording and making calls. The compatibility of the helmet includes 4.0, iOS and android devices. The weight of the helmet has been considered by the company as using heavy helmet for extensive hours causing sprain and pain in the neck of the cyclists (Van Den Oord eta l. 2012). Chances of shoulder and neck pain among the target customers are mitigated by the company by manufacturing a light weight helmet Therefore, the weight of the LINX smart cycling helmet is approximately 400 grams. Additionally, the consumer product safety commission certifies the helmet. One year warranty has been provided by the company for the target customers keeping in mind special requirements such as disfunctioning and breakage (Ang and Kristoffersson 2013). Market analysis Prior to the launch of the product in the Australian market, it is essential for the company to conduct a thorough analysis in respect of the market and the competitors. This will enable the company to decide and implement appropriate marketing strategies in terms of promotion, distribution, innovativeness and pricing strategies. Market analysis will allow COROS to be aware of their position compared to the competitors in the market. Industry analysis Political: Under the parliamentary democracy, Australia is governed by the federal constitution monarchy (Bourke et al. 2012). Economical: The economy of Australia is one of the strongest among the leading countries due the presence of variety of natural resources. The main five principles based on which the Australian trade is conducted are unilaterism, non-discrimination, indivisibility, separation and transparency (Hatfield-Dodds et al. 2015). Social: Aborigines are the natives of the Australian population. However, English is the most commonly used language in the country after the European colonization (Stoeckl et al. 2013). Technological: The internet access by the Australian population has increased largely over the years due to the technological exposure. The government of the country has been facilitating the research and development largely due to the technological exposure (Jewell, Cherp and Riahi 2014). Legal: Independence of judiciary, justice and rule of law forms the basis of the Australian legal system. The country has one federal system as well as eight territory and state (Cheung, Chan and Kajewski 2012) Environmental: The country is rich in the natural resources and has large number of unique flora and fauna. However, the major environmental challenges include ocean dumping, global warming and conservation of marine life (Chan et al. 2012). Based on the PESTLE analysis of the country, it can be suggested that the country is facing environmental challenges largely. Extensive uses of technological advancements are hampering the entire ecosystem of the country. Moreover, the country has a strong economy and stable economy. Therefore, the launch of LINXsmart cycling helmet is a great choice of product for the Australian market. Competitor analysis The use of Porters five forces allowed the company to analyze the competitors in the Australian market. Threat of new entrants The potential threats for the new products that are entering the market are the entry barriers (E Dobbs 2014). The operational scope and the economy combine to form product differentiation, customer loyalty, structure of the cost and the switching cost. The helmet manufacturing industry is a large industry at the global scale thereby, including high capital cost resulting in fixed high costs. The helmet manufacturing industry encounters high economy leading to effectivemanagement of the cost capital. This helps the companies to manage their financial resources effectively and use it resources wisely (Yunna and Yisheng 2014). COROS aim towards presenting smart facilities to the target customers as well as ensuring safety. The innovative and unique features incorporated by the company in the helmets will help the product. The latter factor is dependent on the company and its management techniques, as the expansion rate of the helmet manufacturing industry is much slow. This is due to t he ignorance about the positive health and environmental impact of cycling that influences the purchasing decision of helmets among the Australian population. Threat to substitute products According to Baum (2013), only global recession hampers the purchasing power of the products by the customers. The role of the substitute product is to reduce the cost or charging higher price for the product. Based on the innovative features of the helmets, the companies in the helmet manufacturing industry can compete with each other. Therefore, the competition between the helmet manufacturing companies is based on the unique facilities provided to the customers along with ensuring safety for cyclists. Bargaining power of the suppliers The suppliers of the helmet manufacturing industry needs to emphasize more on the customer demand rather than considering the command that is shared by the business. This will help in gaining power for the manufacturing industry. The customers are vulnerable to the cost of the product and the product differentiation. Therefore, the customers might not prefer to spend extra amount because of the customer demand. Additionally, the features need to enhance the quality and image of the LINX smart cycling helmet (Lee, Kim and Park 2012) Bargaining power of the buyers The purchasing decision of the product by the customers might affect the bargaining power of the buyers of the helmet manufacturing industry. The target group of buyer of the LINX smart cycling helmet includes the individuals concerned with fitness, customers using cycle on a daily basis and the tourists. Targeting other customers will incur huge loss thereby; the strategy is restricted to the specific target groups (Marshall 2013). Threat of competitors The size and number of the competitors in the market determines the level of competition. When it comes to switching cost and product differentiation, the market tends to become fierce. The competition focuses more on costs that are not fixed (Perdana, Roshetko and Kurniawan 2012) Primary target market Targeting the group of customers is essential and considered as a wise decision when a company launches a new product in the market (Hollensen 2015). Targeting the customers allows the company to focus more the demands and needs of the customers before manufacturing and launching the product. The customers are attracted towards the products that fulfill their present needs and demands. Based on the demands of the customers, the company develops and implements promotional, operational and pricing strategies. The main customers targeted by the company are the children, young adults and the tourists. Reports suggest that majority of the Australian population suffers severe health complications. This is because the population is highly dependent on unhealthy diet and lifestyle. Majority of the population relies on fast food and foods with high calorie content. Therefore, majority of the Australian population suffers health complications such as obesity. However, recently, the young adult s and the children are becoming more health conscious to keep up with the latest trends. Therefore, targeting the young adults and the children are justified for the company. The number of additional features incorporated by the company in the helmets will influence the purchasing decision of the target customer. The target customers will be able to avail the various facilities that is demanded highly within the population (Muhamad, Melewar and Faridah Syed Alwi 2012). Additionally, targeting the tourists is a competitive business strategy implemented by the company in order to target the secondary customers. Large portion of the Australian economy is contributed by the tourism sector. The tourists come from different parts of the world that might have helmets that lack such innovative facilities (Tapp and Spotswood 2013). Therefore, targeting the tourists will allow the company to create and unique image in the eye of the customers thereby, invading the global market. Marketing As commented by Khan (2014), effective marketing allows the company to communicate their product to the target customers. Therefore, implementing 4 Ps of marketing mix will allow COROS to communicate the innovative and unique facilities of the product to the target customers. This will allow the company to create a unique image in the eye of the customers and stand out from the competitors in the market. Sales maximization will allow COROS in profit maximization and business expansion. Product COROS is launching LINX smart cycling helmet for the Australian customers. The product launched by the company differs from other products in the market based on the features provided by them. The helmet is manufactured by polycarbonate shell with EPS impact foam due to which it weighs only 400 gms. The wide range of facilities incorporated within the helmet includes making and receiving calls, video recording, and voice enabled GPS navigation along with listening to music and measuring heartbeat and number of calories burnt. The wide range of features can influence the target customers in using cycle at a daily basis, as this is beneficial both for the individuals and for the environment. Price According to the financial status of the target customers, COROS has implemented penetration-pricing strategy for the customers. Therefore, the company has decided the starting price of the LINX smart cycling helmet is $200. The company has kept the price to the minimal for the target customers initially, as this will help in convincing the target customers for using the helmet. Therefore, minimal price will not force the target customers to think much before investing and purchasing the product. However, the company has kept minimal profit for them (Sije and Oloko 2013). Distribution COROS has decided to sell the product from the stores physically. Therefore, the helmet will be sold from the various outlets that are selling sports and gym equipments. Distributing the helmets from the outlets will be beneficial for the company as this will them in engaging the customers. The target customers will be able to evaluate the innovative features personally before purchasing the product. Moreover, selling the products from the stores will allow the customers to know how to use the various functions of the helmet. Additionally, the companies will also sale the product online; this will allow the company to reach out target customers where the product is not present physically (Spann, Fischer and Tellis 2014). Promotion As the part of the promotional strategy, COROS can organize campaigns that will aware the target customers about the benefits of cycling both in terms of individual basis and environmental basis. Then the company can associate the features of the helmet as a promotional strategy. Additionally, the company can organize a grand opening for launching the product along with broadcasting the launch live in social media. This will help the company in engaging more customers hereby, influencing the purchase decision (Aliata et al. 2012). Financial plan Startup expenses Legal $1,300 Brochures $3,580 Consultants $3,000 Insurance $2,400 Rent $4,400 Store setup $10,000 Other $2,500 Startup assets Cash required $67,123 Startup Inventory $16,027 Other current assets $0 Long term assets $59,170 Startup Funding Startup expenses to fund $27,680 Startup assets to fund $142,320 Total funding required Non-cash assets $75,197 Cash requirement $67,123 Additional cash raised $0 Cash balance on starting date $67,123 Total assets Current borrowing $10,000 Long term liabilities $20,000 Accounts payable $0 Other current liabilities $0 Total liabilities Planned investment $140,000 Critical risks There are significant risks associated with the launching of LINX smart cycling product. The company has predicted that the product might fail to attract the customers to a certain extent. This is because that the innovative facilities might at against the aim of the product. The parents of the children and the young adults might be highly concerned with the safety of the children. The parents might think that the number of facilities such as listening to music and video capturing will distract the children and the young adults. As they will be more mesmerized with recoding the scenic beauty or making calls while cycling, their concentration will be hampered. As the target customers are not financially independent, unable to convince, the parents might be a critical risk. Another potential risk includes that the company might fail to convince the target customers to opt for cycling by demonstrating the health and environmental benefits. The children and the young adults might prefer availing comfortable transport facilities such as cars and buses. Conclusion In this report, it can be concluded that COROS is launching LINX smart cycling helmet that consists of various unique and innovative features. The helmet stands out from other helmets in the market as it provides unique facilities along with ensuring safety for the cyclists. The wide range of services incorporated by the company within the helmet includes listening to music, making and receiving calls, voice enabled GPS navigation along with measuring heartbeat and amount of calories burnt. The company has targeted the young adults and the children by considering their health and daily needs. In order to estimate the overall budget of the launch of the product, a financial plan has been developed. The report also highlights the market and competitors analysis in order to understand their position in the market and evaluate the strategy of the competitors. In addition to, 4 Ps of marketing plan has been developed for launching the product by COROS. 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